VARIATION OF CAPACITIVE REACTANCE WITH
CAPACITANCE
CAPACITORS ARE OF DIFFERENT SHAPES AND SIZES, AND THEIR USAGE IS BASED ON THE TYPE OF CIRCUIT USED.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THE DIELECTRIC MATERIAL USED FOR MAKING THE CAPACITOR.
SHOWN BELOW ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAPACITORS.
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Metal Film Capacitor: Made from high quality polymer film and metal foil, with a layer of metal deposited on surface. They have good quality and stability, and are suitable for timer circuits. Suitable for high frequencies. |
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| Mica
Capacitor: These are very similar to metal film. Often high voltage and suitable for high frequencies. They are Expensive. |
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| Paper Capacitor: They are usually used for high voltages. |
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| Glass Capacitor: They are used for high voltages. Stable temperature coefficient in a wide range of temperatures. They are also expensive. |
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| Ceramic Capacitor: Chips of altering layers of metal and ceramic. Depending on their dielectric, their degree of temperature/capacity dependence varies. They often have high dissipation factor, high frequency coefficient of dissipation, their capacity depends on applied voltage, and their capacity changes with aging. However they find massive use in common low-precision coupling and filtering applications. Suitable for high frequencies. |
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| Electrolytic
Capacitor: They are polarized. Similar to metal film, but the electrodes are made of aluminium etched to acquire much higher surfaces, and the dielectric is soaked with liquid electrolyte. They suffer from poor tolerances, high instability, gradual loss of capacity especially when subjected to heat, and high leakage. Special types with low equivalent series resistance are available. Tend to lose capacity in low temperatures. Can achieve high capacities. |
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| Tantalum: Like electrolytic, it is polarized. It has better performance with higher frequencies. High dielectric absorption. High leakage. Has much better performance in low temperatures. |
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| Super Capacitors: Made from carbon aerogel, carbon nanotubes, or highly porous electrode materials. Extremely high capacity. Can be used in some applications instead of rechargeable batteries. |
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